Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and cause breathing problems.

In Ayurveda, COPD can be correlated with conditions like "Tamaka Shwasa" (bronchial asthma) and "Shwas Roga" (respiratory disorders). COPD is believed to be caused by an imbalance in the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—with a primary focus on the imbalance of Kapha and Vata doshas. The accumulation of toxins (ama) and the blockage of the respiratory pathways (Pranavaha Srotas) are also considered key factors in the development of COPD.

The main types of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

EMPHYSEMA- This condition involves the destruction of the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange, leading to shortness of breath.

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS- This type involves long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to increased mucus production, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing.

• Smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. The chemicals in cigarette smoke irritate and damage the lungs, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
• Long-term exposure to air pollution: Exposure to air pollution, such as from secondhand smoke, traffic fumes, or industrial dust and fumes, can also contribute to COPD.
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: This is a rare genetic condition that can increase the risk of COPD.

Treatment and management:

• Dietary modifications - A diet that emphasizes easily digestible, warm, and Kapha-pacifying foods like ginger, honey, turmeric, soups, and stews is recommended. Avoiding cold, processed foods, dairy products, and excessive sugar is advised.
• Herbal remedies - Several herbs are used, such as Vasaka (Malabar nut), Kantakari (Gokhru), and Adhatoda vasica (Adhatoda) which have expectorant, decongestant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Therapies-

Panchakarma and Naturopathy-

• Nasya (Nasal Administration) - Administration of medicated oils or herbal powders through the nostrils after facial massage and steam inhalation.
• Dhumapana (Medicated Smoking) - Inhalation of medicated smoke from herbs like Haridra (turmeric) and Vacha (calamus).
• Swedana (Sudation Therapy) - Steam therapy using herbal decoctions to open pores and clear respiratory passages.
• Hydrotherapy- Steam inhalation, hot and cold compresses on the chest, and warm baths.

Yoga and pranayama-

• Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose)
• Uttanasana (Forward Fold)
• Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)
• Simhasana (Lion Pose)
• Kapalbhati (Bellows Breath): This forceful breathing technique helps clear congestion and phlegm (avoid if you have high blood pressure or heart conditions).
• Bhastrika (Bellows Breath): Similar to Kapalbhati but with a slower exhale, Bhastrika can help warm the body and clear the respiratory system (avoid if you have high blood pressure or heart conditions).

Home remedies-

• Ginger- Make ginger tea by boiling a few slices of fresh ginger in water. Add honey and lemon juice to enhance its effects.
• Blackpepper- Add a pinch of black pepper powder to a teaspoon of honey. Consume this mixture twice daily to help expel mucus and relieve congestion.
• Cinnamon- Add a teaspoon of cinnamon powder to hot water or tea.