Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in your arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood throughout your body. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is at rest).
Ayurveda links hypertension to vitiated doshas, particularly Pitta (fire element) and Vata (air element). When imbalanced, Pitta’s fiery energy can lead to excess heat and pressure in the blood vessels. Vata’s erratic movement can disrupt blood flow.
Types of Hypertension
Primary (essential) hypertension: This is the most common type of hypertension. It has no identifiable cause. It is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, diet, and lifestyle.
Secondary hypertension: This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as, Kidney disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Adrenal gland tumour, Thyroid problems.
Common Causes
Family history
Having a family history of hypertension increases your risk.
Diet
A diet high in salt (sodium) and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can increase your risk of hypertension.
Weight
Being overweight or obese increases your risk of hypertension.
Physical inactivity
A lack of physical activity can increase your risk of hypertension.
Smoking
Smoking can damage your arteries and increase your risk of hypertension.
Excessive alcohol use
Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of hypertension.
Stress
Chronic stress can increase your risk of hypertension.
BP Range Chart
Common Symptoms
Headaches
Fatigue
Nausea
Chest pain
Blurred vision
Dizziness
How to manage Hypertension?
Risk Factors
- Age: Risk increases with age.
- Family History: Hypertension tends to run in families.
- Obesity: More weight requires more blood to supply oxygen and nutrients.
- Physical Inactivity: Inactive lifestyles increase the risk.
- Tobacco Use: Smoking or chewing tobacco immediately raises blood pressure.
- High-Sodium Diet: Too much salt can increase blood pressure.
- Low-Potassium Diet: Potassium helps balance the amount of sodium in cells.
- Alcohol Consumption: Excessive drinking can damage the heart.
Treatment Options:
Lifestyle Changes:
- Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats is recommended. Limiting salt, spicy foods, and stimulants is crucial.
- Exercise: Regular exercise like yoga or brisk walking helps manage weight and reduce stress.
- Sleep: Getting enough restful sleep is essential for regulating blood pressure.
- Stress Management: Techniques like meditation and pranayama (breathing exercises) can help manage stress, a major contributor to high blood pressure.
Medications:
- Herbs like Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Arjuna, Triphala, Guduchi, and Shankhpushpi are commonly used to support cardiovascular health, reduce stress, and balance Pitta.
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